Science
From the Catechism of the Catholic Church, Simplified
Scientific Research and the Dignity of the Person (2292-2293)
Medical or psychological experiments on human beings can promote public health. Although scientific research is an aspect of man's domination over creation, technology must be placed at the service of man. Scientific research finds both its purpose and its limits in the person and in his moral values.
Incorrect Sources of Morality (2294-2295)
This research is not morally neutral and cannot be judged by its usefulness to some people at the expense of others. The morality of research cannot come from a prevailing ideology.
Research must unconditionally respect moral criteria, which correspond to man's inalienable rights and God's plan.
Research cannot legitimate those acts which are against the person or against the moral law. Even the person's potential consent does not justify such acts. Experimentation is not legitimate if the person is exposed to disproportionate or avoidable risks. Experimentation demands the consent of the person or those who legitimately speak for him.
Proportionate Risks (2296)
Organ transplants demand prior informed consent from the donor or those who legitimately speak for him. They are legitimate if the risks involved are proportionate to the recipient's good. It is morally wrong to directly cause disabling mutilation or death of a person even to delay the death of another person.
Sins against Bodily Integrity (2297-2298)
The following are morally wrong:
- Kidnapping and taking hostage which cause a reign of terror (especially for the victims)
- Terrorism which threatens, wounds or kills indiscriminately
- Torture which uses physical or moral violence to punish or extract confessions
- Directly intended amputations, mutilations and sterilization of innocent persons (except for medical reasons)
In the past, cruel practices were used by governments to maintain order (often without protest from the Church's pastors). Although the past is regrettable, the Church has always taught clemency and mercy. In recent times, these practices have been seen as not necessary and not in conformity with human dignity.
Care for the Deceased Body (2299-2301)
The dying should be cared for in their final moments. Relatives must see that they receive the sacraments.
The bodies of the dead are temples of the Holy Spirit and must be buried with respect (a corporal work of mercy).
Autopsies for legal and scientific purposes are legitimate. Organ donation after death is meritorious. Cremation is permitted if this act does not demonstrate a denial of faith in the body's resurrection (Canon 1176).
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